NIH weighs in on the Human Microbiome (Part 1)
bio1November 15th, 2012
![]() Dear Friends In 2003, the probiotic market in the U.S. was valued at $952 million. Five years later it had grown by 160% to one billion, 527 million. By 2015 it is projected to be at $3.1 billion. Definately a growth industry, and rightly so. The awareness that a healthy gut flora is manditory for a truly healthy body and robust longevity, and the consensus that a good probiotic formula can facilitate the building of a healthy gut flora has spread from beyond the holsitic medical community to the hollowed medical research centers of the National Institute of Health (NIH). In 2008, NIH established the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) to study the significance, in health and in disease, of the vast number of microbes that intimately associate themselves with our human bodies. HMP is focusing their research on four major dwelling places for these human associated microbial communities— the ecosystems of the GI tract, the respiratory tract, the urogenital tract (in women), and the skin. The gastrointestinal tract (from the mouth to the anus) is the largest and most diverse of the microbial ecosystems, comprised of 100 trillion organisms (mostly bacterial), that is 10 times more one-celled microbial organisms in the lumin of our gut than the total human cell mass of our body, which is at 10 trillion. Where doctors had previously isolated only a few hundred bacterial species from the body, HMP researchers now calculate that more than 10,000 microbial species occupy the human ecosystem. Moreover, researchers calculate that they have identified between 81 and 99 percent of all microorganismal genera in healthy adults. HMP researchers also reported that this plethora of microbes contribute more genes responsible for human survival than humans contribute. Where the human genome carries some 22,000 protein-coding genes, researchers estimate that the human microbiome contributes some 8 million unique protein-coding genes or 360 times more bacterial genes than human genes. (MacDougall, R. NIH Human Microbiome Project defines normal bacterial makeup of the body. NIH News, June 13, 2012) Actually, each human gene is capable of producing three different proteins where as each bacterial gene only can produce one protein, so that helps the totals a bit for human derived proteins—now its 66,000 to 8,000,000 bacterial proteins. As they say it is mind blowing. Just think, genes produce proteins, and proteins are the building blocks of metabolic pathways, enzymes, receptor site molecules, messenger molecules, structural molecules, neurotransmitters and hormones. The new understanding is that the collection of proteins that run our bodies comes not only from our human cells but also from our microbial selves, our own unique microbiome. The sum total of our human cell genome and our microbial genome is called our metagenome. Our gut is awash with proteins from our human cells and microbials cell. Our adult bodies harbor 10 times more microbial cells than human cells. Their genomes (the microbiome’s) endows us with physiological capacities that we have not had to evolve on our own and thus are both a manifestation of who we are genetically and metabolically and a reflection of our state of well being. (NIH) This brings us to the door of the probiotic product world, a door that we will open over the next couple of weeks. In the last few years alone there has been alone 482 peer-reviewed papers published regarding lactobacillus and human health, catalogued within the US National Library of Medicine at NIH. Stay tuned. Sincerely yours,
Clinical Note:
The BioImmersion Synbiotic Formulas are the Original Synbiotic formula, the Beta-Glucan Synbiotic Formula, the Triple Berry Probiotic Formula, the High ORAC Synbiotic Formula, the Supernatant Synbiotic Formula, the Cranberry Pomegranate Synbiotic Formula and the No. 7 Systemic Booster.
They represent the following strains: L. bulgaricus ATCC pending, DUP 14073, L. helveticus ATCC 7994, L. casei ATCC 393, B. infantis ATCC 15697, B. longum ATCC 15707, L. acidophillus ATCC 4356, S. thermophillus ATCC 19258, L. plantarum ATCC 8014 and L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469. Next week we will get into the research on the different strains, relative to human health. The Last Quiz Answer: Check out the Orangutan Foundation International. There mission is to support the conservation, protection, and understanding of orangutans and their rain forest habitat while caring for ex-captive orangutan orphans as they make their way back to the forest. Furthermore, OFI educates the public, school children, and governments about orangutans, tropical rain forests, and the issues surrounding orangutan and forest conservation and protection. Our support can help them save the orangutans, and save their magnificient jungle habitat in Borneo.
I went to The 350.org National Tour opening last Wednesday night in Seattle at the Benaroya Hall. There were 2000 people there. I'm way in the back right corner. It is a critically important movement.
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The Tree of Life has changed its look. It has become a molecular sequence-based phylogenentic tree, with the concept that genetic base sequences can be used to relate organisms’ evolutionary path. This was first proposed by Carl Woese in 1990.
When it comes to probiotics we believe in diversity. We presently give you seven different probiotic formulas to choose from. Here’s a combination we find very effective. Add one teaspoon of Number 7 Systemic Booster and one heaping tablespoon of the Beta Glucan Synbiotic Formula to a large glass of water. The combination gives you 12 different strains of lactic acid bacteria plus 15 grams of soluble fiber. The good bug count is 40 billion. Plus, you are getting beet, pomegranate, tart cherry, cranberry, pineapple (all organic), carnitine, carnosine, Vitamin D3, folate and fructoborate.
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When comparing the atmospheres of our closest neighboors in our solar system, Mars and Venus, to the earth’s atmosphere, Dr. James Lovelock (founder of the Gaia Hypothesis) contends that, the Venusian atmosphere yielded figures of 95-96% carbon dioxide, 3-4% nitrogen, with traces of oxygen, argon and methane. The same analysis for Mars returns 95.3% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, only 0.15% oxygen and only 0.03% water. In comparison the Earth’s atmosphere at present is 77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen with traces of carbon dioxide, methane and argon.
On Tuesday afternoon Dohrea and I drove to Seattle to one of our new favorite food coops, the Madison Market. As we arrived to our destination I noticed right across the street the most gorgeous wooden office building going up. I had to take a picture, so I took out my trusty cell phone and took these two shots. As you can see in the second picture it says the Bullitt Center. Would you like to know what
Site: The location will support a pedestrian, bicycle, and transit-friendly lifestyle.
They just completed an online project called 
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The boreal forests cover 17% of the Earth’s land surface area, and as such are a big storage area for carbon—a carbon sink. In this picture the boreal forests are dark green areas, the tundra and barren land are tan, while crops and grasslands are yellow.
The mining of the tar sands of Canada are most certainly a contributing factor, and Jennifer Bereza (activist, songwriter, and singer) brings this stunningly into full view by means of an absolutely beautiful, haunting song she wrote in response to a fly over Alberta’s oil sands. Legendary author and Eco-philosopher Dr. Joanna Macy and her assistant Anne Symens-Buscher accompanied Jennifer on this flight.
Now, here is where you click to here Jennifer sing live, it’s so beautiful!
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Let’s examine the biosphere. From deep space, into the troposphere (look up this word!) we drop, finding ourself by chance descending into one of the wild places on earth—the middle of the great Ituri rainforest in the heart of the Congo. The jungles of central Africa and the jungles of the Amazon are the lungs of the earth, pulling CO2 from the air and putting oxygen back for us all to breathe.
This special place was filmed by the Planet Earth team. As in any ecosystem, each of its creatures play a special part in keeping it healthy. The elephants drink very rich mineral water, while their waste contributes nutrients and organic matter back into the soil. A critical watering hole for these forest dwellers. As we zoom in closer we see these three together, perhaps they are a family. Elephants mate for life. Family members, bonded together, protecting and supporting each other for their mutual survival.
Taking a closer look still, at the largest of the three, not sure if it’s the poppa or momma, we know that this beautiful creature is a collection of both elephant cells and microbial cells, not unlike us and our human microbiome. If you recall, our human microbiome in our gut is composed of 100 trillion bugs, that’s tens times more than our total human cell mass—yet when were healthy they work together as one collaborative system. It is the same for our elephant friend, whose physiology relies on healthy elephant and symbiotic microbial cells within its gut, and its other orafices, and on its skin—all working together for the survival of this intelligent pachyderm. What’s the microbiome count for an elephant gut?
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The slide, on the right, comes from the excellent
So, what is the biosphere? The biosphere is the totality of life on earth that captures the energy of the sun to continuously cycle matter. The pattern of this work can becomes clear as we come to understand the carbon cycle—a circular never ending flow of matter that flows through and connects all life. It is the cycle of birth, growth, death and decay. (Donovan)
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The grasslands of the midwest have become vast monocultural plantations, and because of the modern industrial agricultural practice of the heavy tilling of the soil, pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, we’ve degraded its ability to hold carbon, losing it back to the atmosphere as CO2. The weakened soil is easily eroded, the increasing wind storms and tornadoes have carried away much of the top soil, and with it the services it provides us. In some areas of the Great Plains, topsoil has decreased in thickness from twelve inches to 4 inches. During the past 50 years or so our actions have resulted in the loss of roughly one fifth of the earth’s topsoil, one fifth of its land unsuitable for agriculture (Sustaining Life, How Human Health Depends on Biodiversity, 2008, Oxford University Press).
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