Phyto Power

Phyto Power is comprised of several species of wildcrafted blueberries, Rose hip, and Dandelion, including their leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Growing wild and strong in remote areas of Alaska, these berries and plants are handpicked at the peak of their phytonutrient potential. For centuries, indigenous tribes of Alaskan Natives have used these power-filled berries and plants for their daily nourishment as well as ceremonial and medicinal purposes.

• Three species of Rosehip, wildcrafted, whole fruit and seeds (100% w/w), refractory dried, three Rosa species, 200mg per capsule.

• Four species of Dandelion, wildcrafted, aerial parts (90% w/w), root (10% w/w) with flower, refractory dried, four Taraxacum species, 200mg per capsule.

• Four species of Blueberry, wildcrafted, fruit (>90% w/w), leaves and stem (<5% w/w), refractory dried, four Vaccinium species, 100mg per capsule.

Alaskan wildcrafted berries and plants supply ample antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial factors shown to promote and maintain a healthy functioning body (Grace et al., 2014; Youself et al., 2013).*

Phyto Power is indeed powerful. In fact, Dinstel et al. (2013) found the antioxidant levels of Alaska’s wild berries to be extremely high, ranging from 3 to 5 times higher in ORAC values than cultivated berries from 48 other states. For example, cultivated blueberries have an ORAC scale of 30. Alaska wild dwarf blueberries measure 85. When the berries were dehydrated, per gram the ORAC values increased.*

The Alaskan red Rose hip fruit and seeds, blue-purple blueberries, with twigs and leaves, and the Dandelion’s green leaves, stems, roots, and yellow flowers are filled with potent phytonutrients. These vibrant and nutritious phytochemicals protect and enhance the health of both plants and humans (Joseph, Nadeau, & Underwood, 2003). James Duke’s (2000) substantial USDA phytochemical database illustrates the mechanism of the world of plants in the support and maintenance of our health (p. 2).*

Scientific evidence links the lack of sufficient nutrients and colorful phytochemicals in our daily diets to the rise of chronic inflammation, one of the causes of metabolic syndrome, which includes cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, as well as various cancers (Joseph, 2003; Ridker et al., 2000, 2003; Kristo et al., 2016; Ovadje et al., 2016; respectively). For this reason, García-Lafuente et al. (2009) conclude that flavonoids from berries and plants behave as anti-inflammatory agents in our body, calling for more research on the implication of these effects as protection against cancer and cardiovascular issues.*

The effects of Blueberries, Rose hip, and Dandelion on Metabolic Syndrome risk markers are well documented and researched (Choi et al., 2010; Basu et al., 2012). For example, Andersson et al. (2011) demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with 31 obese individuals that daily consumption of rose hip (drink) significantly decreased plasma cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, effecting the risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Andersson et al. (2012) conducted a study with lean and obese mice that were fed high-fat diet and a dietary supplement of rose hip powder. The supplement of rose hip prevented and reversed the increase in body weight. Andersson et al. (2012) concluded that rose hip supports the prevention of diabetic state in the mouse and that downregulation of the hepatic lipogenic program is one of the mechanisms underlying this antidiabetic effect.*

Choi et al. (2010) demonstrated that supplementing rabbits that are fed with high cholesterol diets with dandelion leaf and root positively changed plasma antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid profiles, offering “hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects.”*

These research findings are not new amongst scientists. Johnson et al. (1994) discovered that plants and their biologically active constituents contribute protective and anti-carcinogenic effects (Table 1, p. 193). These ‘dietary phytoprotectants’ in foods (p. 194) have continually shown in research to impart an important anti-inflammatory effect (Vendrame et al., 2015; Joseph et al., 2014), act as powerful anti-oxidants (Jedrejek et al.,2017;Skrovankova et al., 2015), and offer protection and inhibition of certain cancers (Zhan et al., 2016; Yang & Li, 2015; Li et al., 2009; Seeram, 2008; Sigstedt et al., 2008).*

Although the exact mechanisms and reasons (the why) of these promising effects are still in the process of discovery, the findings suggest a regular habit of dietary supplementation with these plants and berries.*

Blueberries, Rose hip, and Dandelion demonstrate in research a potential effect on different cancers. For example, blueberries are shown to inhibit growth and metastatic potential (Adams et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2013), and manage gastrointestinal tract cancers (Bishayee et al., 2016). Rose hip has shown to effect human brain cell proliferation (Cagle et al., 2012) and offer antiproliferation effect on Caco-2 human colon cancer (Jiménez et al., 2016). Dandelion was found to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells (Chatterjee et al., 2011; see also Jeon et al., 2008 and Hu et al., 2003 for further reading on dandelion).*

The Rose hip has a rich phytochemical profile shown to also support many different mechanisms in the human body. For example, the red berry of Rose hip is known for its antioxidant protection (Widen et al., 2012), supporting weight loss with a potential mechanism that decreases abdominal visceral fat (Nagatomo et al., 2015). Andersson et al. (2011) examined the Rose hip anti-diabetic effect, as well as the effect of Rose hip on the risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in obese persons (Andersson et al., 2012). Rose hip is also found to support the liver (Nagatomo et al., 2013; Sadeghi et al., 2016), and offer relief from joint pain (Christensen et al., 2008; Willich et al., 2010; Winther et al., 2005).*

For further study of the Rosa canina see Chrubasik et al. for a systemic review and clinical efficacy of the Rose hip (2008; 2006, respectively).*

Dandelion is shown to have a great antioxidant activity (Hu et al., 2003), exhibiting diverse biological activities that promote energy, weight loss, and reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (Jedrejek et al., 2017; González-Castejón et al., 2012; Jeon et al., 2008). Ovadje et al. (2016) conclude that dandelion root extract effects colorectal cancer proliferation which may occur through the activation of ‘multiple death signalling pathways,’ and a selective induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human pancreatic cancer cells (2012; 2012a). Signstedt (2008) found similar results with extract of Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion) on the growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells, while Yang et al. (2015) demonstrated that Dandelion extract protects human skin fibroblasts from uvb damage.*

For further study of the Taraxacum (Dandelion), see Schütz, Carle, & Schieber (2006) for a systemic review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile.*

Blueberries are rich with anthocyanins and a wide variety of phytochemicals that have been shown to effect neuro-generation (Albarracin et al., 2012). Studies demonstrate that a neuro-generative effect also supports those with Parkinson (Chao et al., 2012; Gao et al., 2012; Strathearn et al., 2014). Blueberries regenerate neuronal aging (Shukitt-Hale, 2012), and support memory (Krikorian et al., 2010). For more on nerve regeneration, see the Research tab of Blueberry Extract.*

A daily consumption of blueberries is shown in research to support a lower blood pressure and arterial stiffness (Johnson et al., 2015), increase natural killer cell counts (McAnulty et al., 2014), down-regulate hepatic lipogentic program (Andersson et al., 2011), and impact insulin resistance and glucose intolerance (Stull, 2016). Zhan et al. (2016) discovered the importance of blueberries on the migration, invasion, proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Yang et al. has shown in 2001 the inhibition of carcinogenesis by dietary polyphenolic compounds.*

These impressive findings support dietary supplementation with berries as a healthy approach to various Metabolic Syndrome concerns, including cancer (Vendrame et al., 2015; Seeram, N.P., 2008; Seeram et al., 2006, respectively).*

The hormetic mechanism of phyto-nutrients is an exciting area of research. Scientists have discovered that small amounts of phytochemicals offer much more than nutrients. Phytochemicals offer a hormetic mechanism; a stimulation of many pathways in our body that prevents, repairs, or reverses aging and disease (Lee et al., 2014; Davinelli et al., 2012). The concept of hormesis is defined as an adoptive response of cells and organism to low dosages of phytochemicals. This adoptive response stimulates a beneficial effect in the body (Mattson, 2008, 2008a). Calabrese et al. conducted many studies on hormetic phytochemicals and vitagenes in aging and longevity, including the effect of antioxidants such as polyphenols on neuro-generation (2012, 2011, 2009). The vitagene network of genes involved in the process of repair and maintenance is thought of as the longevity assurance processes (Rattan, 1998; see also Cornelius et al., 2013; Calabrese et al., 2010; Rattan, 2010; 2004).*

Phyto Power as a dietary supplement offers a regular serving of several species of Blueberries, Rose hip, and Dandelion, including the leaves, stems, flower, and root.

See the Research tab for additional bibliography to further understand the research, findings, application and use of Blueberries, Rose hip, and Dandelion. Visit Resources on the tool bar to find helpful protocols (Library) and summaries (News).*

A double blind, crossover study: in a double blind study the participants and those in contract with them (assistants) are blind to the details of the study. A crossover is when at one point in the study the participants switch from taking an active substance (such as rose hip in the Andersson study) to a placebo or vice versa.

REFERENCES

Adams, L.S., Phung, S. Yee, N., Sheeram, N.P., Li, L., & Chen, S. (2010).Blueberry phytochemicals inhibit growth and metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Cancer Res, 70(9), 3594-605.DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3565

Albarracin, S.L., Stab, B., Casas, Z., Sutachan, J.J., Samudio, I., Gonzalez, J….Barreto, G.E. (2012). Effects of natural antioxidants in neurodegenerative disease. Nutr Neurosci, 15, 1–9. DOI: 10.1179/1476830511Y.0000000028

Andersson, U., Berger, K., Hogberg, A., Landin-Olsson, M., & Holm, C. (2012). Effects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation in obese persons. Eur J Clin Nutr, 66, 585–590. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.203

Andersson, U., Henriksson, E., Strom, K., Alenfall, J., Goransson, O., Holm, C. (2011). Rose hip exerts antidiabetic effects via a mechanism involving downregulation of the hepatic lipogenic program. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 300, E111–121. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00268.2010

Basu, A., & Lyons, T.J. (2012). Strawberries, blueberries, and cranberries in the metabolic syndrome: clinical perspectives.J Agric Food Chem, 60: 5687-92. DOI: 10.1021/jf203488k

Bishayee, A., Haskell, Y., Do, C., Siveen, K.S., Mohandas, N., Sethi, & G., Stoner, G.D. (2016). Potential Benefits of Edible Berries in the Management of Aerodigestive and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 56(10), 1753-75. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.982243

Cagle, P., Idassi, O., Carpenter, J., Minor, R., Goktepe, I., & Martin, P. (2012). Effect of Rosehip (Rosa canina) extracts on human brain tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 3(5), 13. . DOI:10.4236/jct.2012.35069

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Dinkova-Kostova, A.T., Iavicoli, I., Di Paola, R., Koverech, A. … Calabrese, E.J. (2012).Cellular stress responses, hormetic phytochemicals and vitagenes in aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1822(5), 753-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.11.002

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Cuzzocrea, S., Iavicoli, I., Rizzarell,i E., Calabrese, E.J. (2011). Hormesis, cellular stress response and vitagenes as critical determinants in aging and longevity. Mol Aspects Med, 32 (4-6):279-304. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.007

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Dinkova-Kostova, A.T., Calabrese, E.J., Mattson, M.P. (2010). Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal, 13(11), 1763-811. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3074

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Mancuso, C., Barone, E., Calafato, S., Bates, T., Rizzarelli, E., Kostova, A.T. (2009). Vitagenes, dietary antioxidants and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases.Front Biosci, 14, 376-397. Abstract

Chao, J., Leung, Y., Wang, M., & Chang, R.C. (2012). Nutraceuticals and their preventive or potential therapeutic value in Parkinson’s disease. Nutr Rev, 70, 373–86. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00484.x .

Chatterjee, S.J., Ovadje, P. Mousa, M., Hamm, C., & Pandey, S. (2011). The efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 129045.DOI: 10.1155/2011/129045

Choi, U.K., Lee, O.H., Yim, J.H., Ch,o C.W., Rhee, Y.K., Lim, S.I., & Kim, Y.C. (2010). Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Root and Leaf on Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits.Int Mol Sci, 11(1), 67-78. doi: 10.3390/ijms11010067.

Christensen, R., Bartels, E.M., Altman, R.D., Astrup, A., Bliddal, H. (2008). Does the hip powder of Rosa canina (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients?--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 16, 965–972. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.001

Chrubasik, C., Roufogalis, B.D. Muller-Lander, U., & Chrubasik, S. (2008). A systematic review on the Rosa canina effect and efficacy profiles. Phytother Res, 22(6), 725-33. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2400

Chrubasik, C., Duke, R.K., Chrubasik, S. (2006). The evidence for clinical efficacy of rose hip and seed: a systematic review.Phytother Res, 20(1), 1-3. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1729

Dinstel R.R., Cascio J., & Koukel S. (2013). The antioxidant level of Alaska’s wild berries: high, higher and highest. Int J Circumpolar Health, 72. DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21188

Cornelius, C., Perrota, R., graziano, A., Calbrese, E.J., Calabrese, V. (2013). Stress responses, vitagenes and hormesis as critical determinants in aging and longevity: Mitochondrea as a “chi.” Immunity & Aging, https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4933-10-15

Davinelli, S., Willcox, D.C., & Scapagnini, G. (2012). Extending healthy aging: nutrient sensitive pathway and centenarian population. Immun Ageing, 9, 9. DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-9.

Gao, X., Cassidy, A., Schwarzschild, M.A., Rimm, E.B., & Ascherio, A. (2012). Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology, 78, 1138–45. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824f7fc4

García-Lafuente, A., Guillamón, E., Villares, A., Rostagno, M.A., & Martínez, J.A. (2009). Flavonoids as antiinflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm Res, 58, 537–552. DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0037-3

Gonzalez-Castejon, M., Visioli, F., & Rodriguez-Casado, A. (2012). Diverse biological activities of dandelion. Nutr Rev, 70(9), 534-47.DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00509.x

Grace, M.H., Esposito D., Dunlap K.L., & Lila M.A. (2014). Comparative analysis of phenolic content and profile, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory bioactivity in wild Alaskan and commercial Vaccinium berries. J Agric Food Chem, 62(18), 4007-17. doi:10.1021/jf403810y .

Hu, C., & Kitts, D.D. (2003). Antioxidant, prooxidant, and cytotoxic activities of solvent-fractionated dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extracts in vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, (1), 301–310.DOI: 10.1021/jf0258858

Duke, J. (2000). The green pharmacy herbal handbook. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Inc.

Jedrejek, D., Kontek, B., Lis, B., Stochmal, A., Olas, B. (2017). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of phenolic fractions from the leaves and petals of dandelion in human plasma treated with H2O2 and H2O2/Fe. Chem Biol Interact, 262, 29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.003

Jeon, H.J., Kang, H. J., JungH.J. Kant, Y.S., Lim, C.J., Kim, Y.M., & Park, E.H. (2008). Anti-inflammatory activity of Taraxacum officinale. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115 (1), 82–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.006

Jiménez, S., Gascón, S., Luquin, A., Laguna, M., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Rodríguez-Yoldi, M.J. (2016). Rosa canina Extracts Have Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Effects on Caco-2 Human Colon Cancer. PLoS One, 11 (7), e0159136. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159136

Johnson, I.T., Williamson, G., & Musk, S.R.R. (1994). Anticarcinogenic factors in plant foods: A new class of nutrients?Nutr Res Rev,7, 175–204. DOI: 10.1079/NRR19940011

Johnson, S.A., Figueroa, A., Navae, N. Wong, A., Ralfon, R., Ormsbee, L.T…. Arjmandi, B.H. (2015). Daily blueberry consumption improves blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1-hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Acad Nutr Diet, 115(3), 369-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.001

Joseph, S.V., Edirisinghe, I., & Burton-Freeman, B.M. (2014). Berries: anti-inflammatory effects in humans. J Agric Food Chem, 7; 62(18), 3886-903. DOI: 10.1021/jf4044056

Joseph, J., Nadeau, D., & Underwood, A. (2003). The color code: A revolutionary eating plan for optimum health. New York, NY: The Philip Lief Group, Inc. Book

Kristo, A.S., Klimis-Zacas, D., Sikalidis, A.K. (2016). Protective Role of Dietary Berries in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel), 5(4), 37. doi: 10.3390/antiox5040037

Krikorian, R., Shidler, M.D., Nash, T.A., Kalt, W., Vingvist-tymchuk, M.R., Shukitt-Hale, B., Joseph, J.A. (2010). Blueberry supplementation improves memory in older adults. J. Agric Food Chem, 58, 3996-4000. DOI: 10.1021/jf9029332

Lee, J., Jo, D.G., Park, D., Chung, H.Y., Mattson, M.P. (2014). Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system.

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Li, L., Adams, L.S., Chen, S., Killan, C., Ahmed, A., & Seeram, N.P. (2009). Eugenia jambolana Lam. [purple berries] berry extract inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human breast cancer but not non-tumorigenic breast cells. J Agric Food Chem, 57(3), 826-31. DOI: 10.1021/jf803407q

Liu, W., Lu, X., He, G., Gao, X., Xu, M., Zhang, J… Luo, C. (2013). Protective roles of Gadd45 and MDM2 in blueberry anthocyanins mediated DNA repair of fragmented and non-fragmented DNA damage in UV-irradiated HepG2 cells. Int Mol Sci, 14(11), 21447-62. DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121447

Mattson, M.P. (2008). Hormesis defined. Ageing Res Rev, 7(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.007

Mattson M.P. (2008). Dietary factors, hormesis and health. Ageing Res Rev, 7(1), 43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.004

McAnulty, L.S., Collier, S.R., Landram, M.J., Whittaker, D.S., Isaacs, S.E., Klemka, J.M… McAnulty, S.R. (2014). Six weeks daily ingestion of whole blueberry powder increases natural killer cell counts and reduces arterial stiffness in sedentary males and females. Nutr Res, 34 (7), 577-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.002

Nagatomo, A., Nishida, N., Fukuhara, I., Noro, A., Kozai, Y., Sato, H., & Matsuura, Y. (2015). Daily intake of rosehip extract decreases abdominal visceral fat in preobese subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 8, 147–156.DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S78623

Nagatomo, A., Nishida, N., Matsuura, Y., & Shibata, N. (2013). Rosehip Extract Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in White Adipose Tissue by Suppressing the Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma. Prev Nutr Food Sci, 18, 85–91. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2013.18.2.085

Ovadje, P., Ammar, S., Guerrero, J.A., Arnason, J.T., Pandey, S. (2016). Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways. Oncotarget, 7(45):73080-73100. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11485

Ovadje, P., Chochkeh, M., Akbari-Asl, P., Hamm, C., Pandey, S. (2012). Selective induction of apoptosis and autophagy through treatment with dandelion root extract in human pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreas, 41(7), 1039-47. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31824b22a2

Ovadje, P., Hamm, C., Pandey, S. (2012a). Efficient induction of extrinsic cell death by dandelion root extract in human chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) cells. PLoS One, 7 (2), e30604. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030604

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Sadeghi, H., Hosseinzadeh, S., Akbartabar Touri, M., Ghavamzadeh, M., Jafari Barmak, M., Sayahi, M., & Sadeghi, H. (2016). Hepatoprotective effect of Rosa canina fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Avicenna J Phytomed, 6(2), 181-8. DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2016.5481

Schütz, K, Reinhold, C., & Schieber, A. (2006). Taraxacum—A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. J Ethnopharmacol, 107, 313–323. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021

Seeram N.P. (2008). Berry fruits for cancer prevention: current status and future prospects. J Agric Food Chem; 56(3): 630-5. DOI: 10.1021/jf072504n

Seeram, N.P., Adam, L.S., Zhang, Y., Lee, R., Sand, D., Scheuller, H.S., & Heber, D. (2006). Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J Agric Food Chem, 54 (25), 9329-39.DOI: 10.1021/jf061750g

Shukitt-Hale, B. (2012). Blueberries and neuronal aging.Gerontology, 58, 518-523. DOI: 10.1159/000341101

Sigstedt, S.C., Hooten, C.J., Callewaert, M.C., Jenkins, A.R., Romero, A.E., Pullin, M.J…. Steelant, W.F. (2008). Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 32(5), 1085-90. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.32.5.1085

Skrovankova, S., Sumczynski, D., Mlcek, J., Jurikova, T., Sochor, J.(2015). Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries.Int J Mol Sci, 16(10), 24673-706. doi: 10.3390/ijms161024673

Strathearn, K.E., Youself, G.G., Grace, M.H., Roy S.L., Tambe, M.A., Ferruzzi, M.G., Wu, Q.L., … Rochet, J.C. (2014). Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin-and proanthocyanidin-rich extracts in cellular models of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Research, 1555(25), 60-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.047

Vendrame, S., & Klimis-Zacas, D. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins via modulation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Nutr Rev, 73(6), 348-58. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu066.

Widen, C., Ekholm, A., Coleman, M.D., Renvert, S., Rumpunen, K. (2012). Erythrocyte antioxidant protection of rose hips (Rosa spp.) Oxid Med Cell Longev, 621579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/621579

Willich, S.N., Rossnagel, K., Roll, S., Wagner, A., Mune, O., Erlendson, J…Winther, K. (2010). Rose hip herbal remedy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a randomised controlled trial. Phytomedicine, 17(2), 87-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.09.003

Winther, K., Apel, K., & Thamsborg, G. (2005). A powder made from seeds and shells of a rose-hip subspecies (Rosa canina) reduces symptoms of knee and hip osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Scand J Rheumatol, 34(4), 302-8. DOI: 10.1080/03009740510018624

Yang, Y., & Li, S. (2015). Dandelion extracts protect human skin fibroblasts from UVB damage and cellular senescence. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 619560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/619560

Yang, C.S., Landau, J.M., Huang, M.T., & Newmark, H.L. (2001). Inhibition of carcinogenesis by dietary polyphenolic compounds. Ann Rev Nutr, 21, 381–406. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.381

Yousef, G.G., Brown, A.F., Funakoshi, Y., Mbeunkui, F., Grace, M.H., Ballington, J.R., Loraine, A., & Lila, M.A. (2013). Efficeint quantification of the health-relevant anthocyanin and phenolic acid profiles in commercial cultivars and breeding selections of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). J Agric Food Chem, 61(20), 4806-15. DOI: 10.1021/jf400823s

Zhan, W., Liao, X., Yu, L., Tian, T., Liu, X, Liu, J., … Yang, Q. (2016). Effects of blueberries on migration, invasion, proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Biomed Rep, 5(5), 579-584. DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.774

FOOD SCIENCE: THE APPLICATION AND USE OF BLUEBERRY, ROSEHIP, AND DANDELION.*

Blueberry, Rosehip, and Dandelion: Nutritional support during oncologic treatments

Adams, L.S., Phung, S. Yee, N., Sheeram, N.P., Li, L., & Chen, S. (2010).Blueberry phytochemicals inhibit growth and metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Cancer Res, 70(9), 3594-605.DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3565

Aggarwal, B.B., Bhardwaj, A., Aggarwal, R.S., Seeram, N.P., Shishodia, S., & Takada, Y. (2004). Role of resveratrol in prevention and therapy of cancer: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res, 24(5A), 2783-840. Abstract

Bishayee, A., Haskell, Y., Do, C., Siveen, K.S., Mohandas, N., Sethi, & G., Stoner, G.D. (2016). Potential Benefits of Edible Berries in the Management of Aerodigestive and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 56(10), 1753-75. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.982243

Cagle, P., Idassi, O., Carpenter, J., Minor, R., Goktepe, I., & Martin, P. (2012). Effect of Rosehip (Rosa canina) extracts on human brain tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 3(5), 13. . DOI:10.4236/jct.2012.35069

Chatterjee, S.J., Ovadje, P. Mousa, M., Hamm, C., & Pandey, S. (2011). The efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 129045.DOI: 10.1155/2011/129045

Hu, C., & Kitts, D.D. (2003). Antioxidant, prooxidant, and cytotoxic activities of solvent-fractionated dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extracts in vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, (1), 301-310.DOI: 10.1021/jf0258858

Jeon, H.J., Kang, H. J., JungH.J. Kant, Y.S., Lim, C.J., Kim, Y.M., & Park, E.H. (2008). Anti-inflammatory activity of Taraxacum officinale. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115 (1), 82-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.006

Jeyabalan, J., Aqil, F., Munagala, R., Annamalai, L., Vadhanam, M.V., Gupta, R.C. (2014). Chemopreventive and therapeutic activity of dietary blueberry against estrogen-mediated breast cancer.J. Agric. Food Chem, 62, 3963-3971. DOI: 10.1021/jf403734j

Jiménez, S., Gascón, S., Luquin, A., Laguna, M., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Rodríguez-Yoldi, M.J. (2016). Rosa canina Extracts Have Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Effects on Caco-2 Human Colon Cancer. PLoS One, 11(7), e0159136. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159136

Johnson, I.T., Williamson, G., Musk, S.R.R. (1994). Anticarcinogenic factors in plant foods: A new class of nutrients? Nutr Res Rev, 7, 175-204. Article

Joseph, J., Nadeau, D., & Underwood, A. (2003). The color code: A revolutionary eating plan for optimum health. New York, NY: The Philip Lief Group, Inc. Book

Lambert, J.D., Hong, J., Yang, G., Liao, J., & Yang, C.S. (2005). Inhibition of carcinogenesis by polyphenols: evidence from laboratory investigations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 81, 284S-291S. Article

Li, L., Adams, L.S., Chen, S., Killan, C., Ahmed, A., & Seeram, N.P. (2009). Eugenia jambolana Lam. [purple berries] berry extract inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human breast cancer but not non-tumorigenic breast cells. J Agric Food Chem, 57(3), 826-31. DOI: 10.1021/jf803407q

Liu, W., Lu, X., He, G., Gao, X., Xu, M., Zhang, J… Luo, C. (2013). Protective roles of Gadd45 and MDM2 in blueberry anthocyanins mediated DNA repair of fragmented and non-fragmented DNA damage in UV-irradiated HepG2 cells. Int Mol Sci, 14(11), 21447-62. DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121447

Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Remesy, C., & Jimenez, L. (2004). Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailablity..Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 79, 727-747. Article

Kristo, A.S., Klimis-Zacas, D., Sikalidis, A.K. (2016). Protective Role of Dietary Berries in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel), 5(4), 37. doi: 10.3390/antiox5040037

Ovadje, P., Ammar, S., Guerrero, J.A., Arnason, J.T., Pandey, S. (2016). Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways. Oncotarget, 7(45):73080-73100. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11485

Ovadje, P., Chochkeh, M., Akbari-Asl, P., Hamm, C., Pandey, S. (2012). Selective induction of apoptosis and autophagy through treatment with dandelion root extract in human pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreas, 41(7), 1039-47. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31824b22a2

Ovadje, P., Hamm, C., Pandey, S. (2012a). Efficient induction of extrinsic cell death by dandelion root extract in human chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) cells. PLoS One, 7 (2), e30604. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030604

Paul, S., DeCastro, A.J., Lee, H.J., Smolarek, A.K., So, J.Y., Simi, B., (2010). Dietary intake of pterostilbene, a constituent of blueberries, inhibits the beta-catenin/p65 downstream signaling pathway and colon carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis 31(7), 1272-1278. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq004

Ravoori, S., Vadhanam, M.V., Aqil, F., & Gupta, R.C. (2012). Inhibition of estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis by blueberry and black raspberry. J. Agric. Food Chem, 60, 5547-5555. DOI: 10.1021/jf205325p

Rossi, M., Lugo, A., Lagiou, P., Zucchetto, A., Polesel, J., Serraino, D., Negri, E., Trichopoulos, D., La Vecchia, C. (2012). Proanthocyanidins and other flavonoids in relation to pancreatic cancer: A case-control study in Italy. Ann. Oncol, 23, 1488-1493. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr475

Rossi, M., Rosato, V., Bosetti, C., Lagiou, P., Parpinel, M., Bertuccio, P., Negri, E., (2010). La Vecchia, C. Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and the risk of stomach cancer. Cancer Causes Control, 21, 1597-1604. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9588-4

Seeram, N.P. (2010). Recent trends and advances in berry health benefits research. J Agric Food Chem, 58(7), 3869-70. DOI: 10.1021/jf902806j

Seeram N.P. (2008). Berry fruits for cancer prevention: current status and future prospects. J Agric Food Chem; 56(3): 630-5. DOI: 10.1021/jf072504n

Seeram, N.P., Adam, L.S., Zhang, Y., Lee, R., Sand, D., Scheuller, H.S., & Heber, D. (2006). Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J Agric Food Chem, 54 (25), 9329-39.DOI: 10.1021/jf061750g

Schütz, K., Carle, R., & Schieber, A. (2006). Taraxacum-a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107(3), 313-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021

Sigstedt, S.C., Hooten, C.J., Callewaert, M.C., Jenkins, A.R., Romero, A.E., Pullin, M.J…. Steelant, W.F. (2008). Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 32(5), 1085-90. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.32.5.1085

Yang, Y., & Li, S. (2015). Dandelion extracts protect human skin fibroblasts from UVB damage and cellular senescence. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 619560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/619560

Yang, C.S., Landau, J.M., Huang M.T., & Newmark, H.L. (2001). Inhibition of carcinogenesis by dietary polyphenolic compounds. Ann Rev Nutr, 21, 381-406. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.381

Zhao M, Wang P, Zhu Y, Liu X, Hu X, Chen F. (2015).The chemoprotection of a blueberry anthocyanin extract against the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria: unequivocal evidence in mice liver.Food Funct, 6(9):3006-12. DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00408j

Zhan, W., Liao, X., Yu, L., Tian, T., Liu, X, Liu, J., … Yang, Q. (2016). Effects of blueberries on migration, invasion, proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Rep, 5(5), 579-584. DOI:10.3892/br.2016.774

Berries, Rose hip, and Dandelion Cardiovascular and Oncological Support

Cassidy A. (2017). Berry anthocyanin intake and cardiovascular health. Mol Aspects Med. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.05.002

Cassidy A, Bertoia M, Chiuve S, Flint A, Forman J, Rimm EB. (2016). Habitual intake of anthocyanins and flavanones and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr, 104(3):587-94. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133132

Choi, U.K., Lee, O.H., Yim, J.H., Ch,o C.W., Rhee, Y.K., Lim, S.I., & Kim, Y.C. (2010). Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Root and Leaf on Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits.Int Mol Sci, 11(1), 67-78. doi: 10.3390/ijms11010067.

Chrubasik, C., Roufogalis, B.D. Muller-Lander, U., & Chrubasik, S. (2008). A systematic review on the Rosa canina effect and efficacy profiles. Phytother Res, 22(6), 725-33. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2400

Chrubasik, C., Duke, R.K., Chrubasik, S. (2006). The evidence for clinical efficacy of rose hip and seed: a systematic review.Phytother Res, 20(1), 1-3. DOI:10.1002/ptr.1729

Duke, J. (2000). The green pharmacy herbal handbook. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Inc.

Duthie, S.J. (2007). Berry phytochemicals, genomic stability and cancer: evidence for chemoprotection at several stages in the carcinogenic process.Mol Nutr Food Res, 51(6):665-74. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600257

García-Lafuente, A., Guillamón, E., Villares, A., Rostagno, M.A., & Martínez, J.A. (2009). Flavonoids as antiinflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm Res, 58, 537-552. DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0037-3

Hu, C., & Kitts, D.D. (2005) Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents lipid oxidation in vitro. Phytomedicine, 12(8), 588-597. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.012

Johnson, I.T., Williamson, G., & Musk, S.R.R. (1994). Anticarcinogenic factors in plant foods: A new class of nutrients?Nutr Res Rev,7, 175-204. DOI:10.1079/NRR19940011

Joseph, S.V., Edirisinghe, I., & Burton-Freeman, B.M. (2014). Berries: anti-inflammatory effects in humans. J Agric Food Chem, 7; 62(18), 3886-903. DOI:10.1021/jf4044056

Koo, H.N., Hong, S.H., Song, B.K., Kim, C.H., Yoo, Y.H., & Kim, H.M. (2004). Taraxacum officinale induces cytotoxicity through TNF-α and IL-1α secretion in Hep G2 cells. Life Sci, 74, 1149-1157. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.030

Kowalska, K., & Olejnik, A. (2016). Current evidence on the health-beneficial effects of berry fruits in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 19(6), 446-452. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000322

Liu, Y., Tan, D., Shi, L., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Tong, C., Song, D., Hou, M. (2015). Blueberry Anthocyanins-Enriched Extracts Attenuate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiac Injury. PLoS One, 10(7), e0127813. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127813

Santangelo, C., Varì, R., Scazzocchio, B., Di Benedetto, R., Filesi, C., Masella, R. (2007). Polyphenols, intracellular signalling and inflammation. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 43(4), 394-405. Article

Skrovankova, S., Sumczynski, D., Mlcek, J., Jurikova, T., Sochor, J.(2015). Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries.Int J Mol Sci, 16(10), 24673-706. doi: 10.3390/ijms161024673

Sigstedt, S., Hooten, C.J., & Callewaert, M.C. (2008). Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale on growth and invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol, 32, 1085-1090. . https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.32.5.1085

Vendrame, S., & Klimis-Zacas, D. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins via modulation of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Nutr Rev, 73(6), 348-58. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu066.

Yang, C.S., Landau, J.M., Huang, M.T., & Newmark, H.L. (2001). Inhibition of carcinogenesis by dietary polyphenolic compounds. Ann Rev Nutr, 21, 381-406. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.381

Yarnell, E. & Abascal, K. (2009). Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale and T mongolicum). Integrative Medicine, 8(2), 34-38. Article

Berries, Rose hip, Dandelion: Metabolic Syndrome, Energy, and Weight Loss Support*

Andersson, U., Berger, K., Hogberg, A., Landin-Olsson, M., & Holm, C. (2012). Effects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation in obese persons. Eur J Clin Nutr, 66, 585-590. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.203

Andersson, U., Henriksson, E., Strom, K., Alenfall, J., Goransson, O., Holm, C. (2011). Rose hip exerts antidiabetic effects via a mechanism involving downregulation of the hepatic lipogenic program. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 300, E111-121. DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00268.2010

Basu, A., & Lyons, T.J. (2012). Strawberries, blueberries, and cranberries in the metabolic syndrome: clinical perspectives. J Agric Food Chem, 60: 5687-92. DOI:10.1021/jf203488k

Dinstel R.R., Cascio J., & Koukel S. (2013). The antioxidant level of Alaska's wild berries: high, higher and highest. Int J Circumpolar Health, 72. DOI:10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21188

Cavalera, M., Axling, U., Berger, K., & Holm, C. (2016). Rose hip supplementation increases energy expenditure and induces browning of white adipose tissue. Nutr Metab (Lond), 13, 91. doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0151-5

González-Castejón, M., Visioli, F., Rodriguez-Casado, A. (2012). Diverse biological activities of dandelion. Nutr Rev, 70(9), 534-47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00509.x

Jedrejek, D., Kontek, B., Lis, B., Stochmal, A., Olas, B. (2017). Evaluation of antioxidant activity of phenolic fractions from the leaves and petals of dandelion in human plasma treated with H2O2 and H2O2/Fe. Chem Biol Interact, 262, 29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.003

Johnson, S.A., Figueroa, A., Navae, N. Wong, A., Ralfon, R., Ormsbee, L.T…. Arjmandi, B.H. (2015). Daily blueberry consumption improves blood pressure and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women with pre- and stage 1-hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Acad Nutr Diet, 115(3), 369-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.11.001

Gonzalez-Castejon, M., Visioli, F., & Rodriguez-Casado, A. (2012). Diverse biological activities of dandelion. Nutr Rev, 70(9), 534-47.DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00509.x

Lee, B.R., Lee, J.H, An, H.J. (2012). Effects of Taraxacum officinale on fatigue and immunological parameters in mice. Molecules, 17(11), 13253-65. DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113253

McAnulty, L.S., Collier, S.R., Landram, M.J., Whittaker, D.S., Isaacs, S.E., Klemka, J.M… McAnulty, S.R. (2014). Six weeks daily ingestion of whole blueberry powder increases natural killer cell counts and reduces arterial stiffness in sedentary males and females. Nutr Res, 34 (7), 577-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.002

Madero, M., Arriaga, J.C., Jalal, D., Rivard, C., McFann, K., Perez-Mendez, O., Vazquez, A.… Lozada, L.G. (2011). The effect of two energy-restricted diets, a low-fructose diet versus a moderate natural fructose diet, on weight loss and metabolic syndrome parameters: a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism, 60, 1551-1559. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.04.001

Nagatomo, A., Nishida, N., Fukuhara, I., Noro, A., Kozai, Y., Sato, H., & Matsuura, Y. (2015). Daily intake of rosehip extract decreases abdominal visceral fat in preobese subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 8, 147-156.DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S78623

Stull, A.J. (2016). Blueberries' Impact on Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance. Antioxidants (Basel), 5 (4). doi: 10.3390/antiox5040044

Torronen, R., Kolehmainen, M., Sarkkinen, E., Mykkanen, H., & Niskanen, L. (2012). Postprandial glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid responses to sucrose consumed with blackcurrants and lingonberries in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr, 96: 527-33. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.112.042184

Vendrame, S., Del Bo', C., Ciappellano, S., Riso, P., & Klimis-Zacas, D. (2016). Berry Fruit Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome.Antioxidants (Basel), 30, 5(4). doi:10.3390/antiox5040034

Wan, C., Yuan, T., Cirello, A.L., & Seeram, N.P. (2012). Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory phenolics isolated from highbush blueberry flowers. Food Chem, 135(3), 1929-37. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.056

Widen, C., Ekholm, A., Coleman, M.D., Renvert, S., Rumpunen, K. (2012). Erythrocyte antioxidant protection of rose hips (Rosa spp.) Oxid Med Cell Longev, 621579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/621579 .

* See Systemic Booster No. 4, Weight-Less Research tab for more bibliography on Weight Loss.

Anthocyanin, Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids : Fatty Liver Support

Guo, H., Dan, L., Wenhua, L., Xiang, F., & Min, X. (2011). Anthocyanin inhibits high glucose-induced hepatic mtGRAT1 activation and prevents fatty acid synthesis through PKC. Journal of Lipid Research, 52(5), 908-922. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M013375

Nagatomo, A., Nishida, N., Matsuura, Y., & Shibata, N. (2013). Rosehip Extract Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in White Adipose Tissue by Suppressing the Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma. Prev Nutr Food Sci, 18, 85-91. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2013.18.2.085

Sadeghi, H., Hosseinzadeh, S., Akbartabar Touri, M., Ghavamzadeh, M., Jafari Barmak, M., Sayahi, M., & Sadeghi, H. (2016). Hepatoprotective effect of Rosa canina fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Avicenna J Phytomed, 6(2), 181-8. DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2016.5481

Schutz, K., Kammerer, D.R., carle, R., & Schieber, A. (2005). Characterization of phenolic acids and flavonoids in dandelion (Taraxacum officinale WEB. ex WIGG.) root and herb by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.Rapid commun Mass Spectrom, 19(2), 179-86. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1767

Valenti, L., Riso, P., Mazzocchi, A., Porrini, M., Fargion, S., & Agostoni, C. (2013). Dietary Anthocyanins as Nutritional Therapy for Non alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity; Volume 2013:Article ID 145421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/145421

Vendrame, S., Daugherty, A. Kristo, A.S, & Klimis-Zacas, D. (2014). Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)-enriched diet improves dyslipidaemia and modulates the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in obese Zucker rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(2), 194-200. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002390

You, Y., Yoo, S., Yoon, H.G., Park, J., Lee, Y.H., Kim, S…. Jun, W. (2010). In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress. Food Chem toico, 48(6), 1632-7.DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.037

Zhu, W., Jia, Q., wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Xia, M. (2012). The anthocyanin cyaniding-3-O-beta-glucoside, a flavonoid, increases hepatic glutathione synthesis and protects hepatocytes against reactive oxygen species during hyperglycemia: involvement of a cAMP-PKA-dependent signaling pathway. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 52(2), 314-327. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.483

Alaskan Berries : Potent Anti-inflammatory Support

Grace, M.H., Esposito D., Dunlap K.L., & Lila M.A. (2014). Comparative analysis of phenolic content and profile, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory bioactivity in wild Alaskan and commercial Vaccinium berries. J Agric Food Chem, 62(18), 4007-17. doi:10.1021/jf403810y .

McAnulty, L.S., Nieman, D.C., Dumke, C.L., Shooter, L.A., Henson, D.A., Utter, A.C… McAnulty, S.R. (2011). Effect of blueberry ingestion on natural killer cell counts, oxidative stress, and inflammation prior to and after 2.5 h of running.Appl Physiol Nutr Metab; 36(6), 976-84. DOI: 10.1139/h11-120

Dinstel R.R., Cascio J., & Koukel S. (2013). The antioxidant level of Alaska's wild berries: high, higher and highest. Int J Circumpolar Health, 72. doi:10.3402/ijch.v7210.21188. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21188 .

Yousef, G.G., Brown, A.F., Funakoshi, Y., Mbeunkui, F., Grace, M.H., Ballington, J.R., Loraine, A., & Lila, M.A. (2013). Efficeint quantification of the health-relevant anthocyanin and phenolic acid profiles in commercial cultivars and breeding selections of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). J Agric Food Chem, 61(20), 4806-15. DOI10.1021/jf400823s

Rose hip : Joint Health*

Allam, G., Mahdi, E.A., Alzahrani, A.M., Abuelsaad, A.S. (2016). Ellagic acid alleviates adjuvant induced arthritis by modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cent Eur J Immunol, 41 (4), 339-349. DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65132

Christensen, R., Bartels, E.M., Altman, R.D., Astrup, A., Bliddal, H. (2008). Does the hip powder of Rosa canina (rosehip) reduce pain in osteoarthritis patients?--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 16, 965-972. DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.001

Lattanzio, F., Greco, E., Carretta, D., Cervellati, R., Govoni, P., & Speroni E. (2011). In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Rosa canina L. extract. J Ethnopharmacol, 137, 880-885. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.006

Larsen, E., Kharazmi, A., Christensen, L.P., & Christensen, S.B. (2003). An antiinflammatory galactolipid from rose hip (Rosa canina) that inhibits chemotaxis of human peripheral blood neutrophils in vitro. J Nat Prod, 66(7), 994-5. DOI:10.1021/np0300636

Rossnagel, K., Roll, S., Willich, S.N. (2007). [The clinical effectiveness of rosehip powder in patients with osteoarthritis. A systematic review].MMW Fortschr Med, 149(27-28), 51-6. Abstract

Schwager, J., Hoeller, U., Wolfram, S., Richard, N. (2011). Rose hip and its constituent galactolipids confer cartilage protection by modulating cytokine, and chemokine expression. BMC Complement Altern Med, 11, 105. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-105 .

Willich, S.N., Rossnagel, K., Roll, S., Wagner, A., Mune, O., Erlendson, J…Winther, K. (2010). Rose hip herbal remedy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a randomised controlled trial. Phytomedicine, 17(2), 87-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.09.003

Winther, K., Apel, K., & Thamsborg, G. (2005). A powder made from seeds and shells of a rose-hip subspecies (Rosa canina) reduces symptoms of knee and hip osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Scand J Rheumatol, 34(4), 302-8. DOI: 10.1080/03009740510018624

Warholm, O., Skaar, S., Hedman, E., Molmen, H.M., & Eik, L. (2003). The Effects of a Standardized Herbal Remedy Made from a Subtype of Rosa canina in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp, 64, 21-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0011-393X(03)00004-3 .

* See the Fructo Borate Research tab for more bibliography on joint health.

Rose hip : Folate Content

Stralsjo, L., Alklint, C., Olsson, M.E., & Sjoholm, I. (2003). Total folate content and retention in rosehips (Rosa ssp.) after drying.J.Agric Food Chem, 51(15), 4291-5.DOI: 10.1021/jf034208q

Dandelion: Antimicrobial effect

Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents.Clin Microbiol Rev, 12, 564-582. Article

Kenny, O., Brunton, N.P., Walsh, D., Hewage, C.M., McLoughlin, P., & Smyth, T.J. (2015). Characterisation of antimicrobial extracts from dandelion root (Taraxacum officinale) using LC-SPE-NMR.Phytother Res, 29(4), 526-32.DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5276

Schütz, K, Reinhold, C., & Schieber, A. (2006). Taraxacum-A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. J Ethnopharmacol , 107, 313-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021

Dandelion: Lung Support

Liu, L., Xiong, H., Ping, J., Ju, Y. & Zhang, X. (2010). Taraxacum officinale protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,130(2), 392-397. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.029

Dandelion and Blueberries (fruit & leaves): Eye Support

Beatty, S., Murray, I.J., Henson, D.B., Carden, D., Koh, H., & Boulton, M.E. (2001). Macular pigment and risk for age-related macular degeneration in subjects from a Northern European population. Invest Ophthalomo Vis Sci, 42(2), 439-46. Article

Liu, Y., Song, X., Zhang, D., Zhou, F., Wang, D., Wei, Y., Gao, F., … Wu, W., & Ji, B. (2012). Blueberry anthocyanins: protection against ageing and light-induced damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Br J Nutr, 108(1), 16-27. DOI: 10.1017/S000711451100523X

Ma, L., Dou, H.L., Wu, Y.Q., Huang, Y.M., Huang, Y.B., Xu, X.R., Zou, Z.Y., & Lin, X.M. (2012). Lutein and zeaxanthin intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr, 107(3), 350-9. DOI:10.1017/S0007114511004260

Wegner, A., & Khoramnia R. (2011). Cataract is a self-defence reaction to protect the retina from oxidative damage. Med Hypotheses, 76 (5), 741-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.02.013

Anthocyanin, Proanthocyanidin : Neurodegenerative Support*

Albarracin, S.L., Stab, B., Casas, Z., Sutachan, J.J., Samudio, I., Gonzalez, J….Barreto, G.E. (2012). Effects of natural antioxidants in neurodegenerative disease. Nutr Neurosci, 15, 1-9. DOI: 10.1179/1476830511Y.0000000028

Chao, J., Leung, Y., Wang, M., & Chang, R.C. (2012). Nutraceuticals and their preventive or potential therapeutic value in Parkinson's disease. Nutr Rev, 70, 373-86. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00484.x .

Del Rio, D., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Spencer, J.P., Tognolini, M., Borges, G., & Crozier, A. (2013). Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal, 18, 1818-92. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4581

Gao, X., Cassidy, A., Schwarzschild, M.A., Rimm, E.B., & Ascherio, A. (2012). Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology, 78, 1138-45. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824f7fc4

Krikorian, R., Shidler, M.D., Nash, T.A., Kalt, W., Vingvist-tymchuk, M.R., Shukitt-Hale, B., Joseph, J.A. (2010). Blueberry supplementation improves memory in older adults. J. Agric Food Chem, 58, 3996-4000. DOI: 10.1021/jf9029332

Milbury, P.E., & Kalt, W. (2010). Xenobiotic metabolism and berry flavonoid transport across the blood-brain barrier.J Agric Food Chem, 58, 3950-6. DOI: 10.1021/jf903529m

Ramassamy, C. (2006). Emerging role of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review of their intracellular targets. Eur J Pharmacol, 545, 51-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.025

Shukitt-Hale, B. (2012). Blueberries and neuronal aging.Gerontology, 58, 518-523. DOI: 10.1159/000341101

Song, J.X., Sze, S.C., Ng, T.B., Lee, C.K., Leung, G.P., Shaw, P.C., Tong, Y., Zhang, Y.B. (2012). Anti-Parkinsonian drug discovery from herbal medicines: what have we got from neurotoxic models? J Ethnopharmacol, 139, 698-711. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.030

Strathearn, K.E., Youself, G.G., Grace, M.H., Roy S.L., Tambe, M.A., Ferruzzi, M.G., Wu, Q.L., … Rochet, J.C. (2014). Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanin-and proanthocyanidin-rich extracts in cellular models of Parkinson's disease. BrainResearch, 1555(25), 60-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.047

*See the Blueberry Extract Research tab for more bibliography on the neuro-regenerative effect of blueberries.

The Hormetic Mechanism of Phytochemicals (plant nutrients) for Better Health

Mattson, M.P. (2008). Hormesis defined. Ageing Res Rev, 7(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.007

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Dinkova-Kostova, A.T., Calabrese, E.J., Mattson, M.P. (2010). Cellular stress responses, the hormesis paradigm, and vitagenes: novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal, 13(11), 1763-811. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3074

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Trovato, A., Cavallaro, M., Mancuso, C., Di Rienzo, L. … Calabrese EJ. (2010).The hormetic role of dietary antioxidants in free radical-related diseases.Curr Pharm Des, 16(7), 877-83. Abstract

Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Mancuso, C., Pennisi, G., Calafato, S., Bellia, F… Rizzareli, E. (2008). Cellular stress response: a novel target for chemoprevention and nutritional neuroprotection in aging, neurodegenerative disorders and longevity. Neurochem Res, 33 (12), 2444-71. DOI: 10.1007/s11064-008-9775-9

Cornelius, C., Perrota, R., graziano, A., Calbrese, E.J., Calabrese, V. (2013). Stress responses, vitagenes and hormesis as critical determinants in aging and longevity: Mitochondrea as a "chi." Immunity & Aging, https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4933-10-15

Lee, J., Jo, D.G., Park, D., Chung, H.Y., Mattson, M.P. (2014). Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev, 66 (3), 815-68. DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757

Mattson, M.P. (2008). Dietary factors, hormesis and health. Ageing Res Rev. 7 (1):43-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.004

Murugaiyah, V., & Mattson, M.P. (2015). Neurohormetic phytochemicals: An evolutionary-bioenergetic perspective. Neurochem Int, 89, 271-80. Article . DOI:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.03.009

Rattan SI. (2010). Targeting the age-related occurrence, removal, and accumulation of molecular damage by hormesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1197, 28-32. DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05193.x

One capsule contains:

Rosehip, wildcrafted, Whole Fruit and seeds   200mg
  Refractory dried Mult-Rosa species (3)
Dandelion, wildcrafted, aerial parts, roots and flowers   200mg 
  Refractory dried Multi-Taraxacum species (4) 
Blueberry, wildcrafted, Fruit (>95%) Leaves and stems (<5%) 100mg  
  Refractory dried Multi-Vaccinium species (4)

Other ingredients: Cellulose & water (capsule shell)

PHYTO POWER— The Phyto Power is designed to support DNA and cellular integrity.*

DNA and cellular integrity: Take 1-4 capsules a day to support cellular and DNA integrity during cancer treatment. Consult a health care provider.*

Antioxidant & anti-inflammatory: The wildcrafted Alaskan blueberries, rose hips, and dandelions have some of the most powerful amounts of antioxidants. Take 1 a day.*

Brain and nervous system: Take 1-2 capsules a day to maintain brain health. Add the Blueberry Extract and High ORAC to support repair and regeneration of neural tissue. These products offer support after a stroke.*

GI Tract (second brain): Take 2 caps to protect against toxic environments, calming down the GI Tract (our second brain), and regenerating nerves in the brain and GI Tract.*

Liver support: Dandelion is an excellent food for liver detoxification. Especially supportive during cancer treatment. Take 1-2 capsules during or after exposure to smoke, chemicals, drugs, and toxins. Add Glucosinolates & Sulforaphanes (broccoli cruciferous sprouts) for phase II liver detox.*

Our favorite:  The blueberries, rose hips, and dandelions are all collected by indigenous Alaskans. These Alaskan plants are shown in research to have some of the highest anthocyanins levels in the world! We add the Phyto Power to many of our protocols due to its gentle yet potent nature.