Glucosinolates & Sulforaphanes

The new Cruciferous Sprouts has 100% concentration of organic broccoli sprouts and is named, Glucosinolates & Sulforaphanes, since it offers a 4-6-fold increase of glucosinolates for a high sulforaphane potential. 

Glucosinolates & Sulforaphanes is a potent mix of Glucosinolates with 15,000 ppm, Glucoraphanin with 10,000 ppm, and Sulforaphanes Potential of 4,000 ppm. Broccoli sprouts grow into their peak when they are three days old, and can contain from 10-100 times more glucoraphanin, the glucosinolates of sulforaphane, than a mature broccoli plant. Each of our vegan capsule has 500 mg of organic broccoli sprouts, harvested at the peak of their phytonutrient power. 

According to Leone et al. (2017), the vegetable broccoli accumulates a significant amount of the phyto-nutrient glucoraphanin (4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolates) which is metabolized in our bodies into the biologically active Sulforaphane (SFN). The conversion requires the enzyme, myrosinase, which is also found in the broccoli plant as well as the bacterial myrosinases in the human colon. Once broccoli or broccoli sprouts are consumed and converted into SFN, this amazing phyto-nutrient is metabolized via the mercapturic acid pathway to form cysteinylglycine-, cysteine-, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates. These metabolites are then excreted via the urine (Mennicke et al., 1988; Atwell et al., 2015). In fact, it has been shown in research that 70% of the ingested SFN was retrieved in urine (Egner et al., 2011), showing systemic benefits (Abbaoui et al., 2012).

Sulforaphanes (SFN) are found in high quantities in broccoli, and in higher quantities in broccoli sprouts. SFN is an isothiocyanate that occurs in a stored form as glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables (Vanduchova et al., 2018). Isothiocyanates are phyto-chemicals produced by cruciferous vegetables and sprouts.  They are derivatives of glucosinolates in the cells of cruciferous plants. The hydrolysis (chemical breakdown during digestion) of glucosinolates by the enzyme myrosinase creates this pungent compound as a defensive tool to protect against pathogens that want to eat the plant. This same defense mechanism is known to offer excellent health benefits, including a fungicidal affect (Parker, 2015; Troncoso-Rojas et al., 2014; for more on the mechanism of SFN, see Leon et al., 2017). 

SFN in Broccoli sprouts provide the most potent natural phase II enzyme inducer to boost the liver’s ability to detoxify. As a fun fact, broccoli sprouts are the most potent producers of Sulforaphanes, with broccoli plant as second, and then kohlrabi and cauliflower. But as we pointed out above, to activate the ability of broccoli, or SFN, the enzymes have to react: Two phytochemicals must react, or interact, to create SFN: Myrosinase (enzyme in the broccoli) and glucoraphanin (West et al., 2004). For this reason, we have chosen the most potent organic broccoli sprouts with high yield of Glucoraphanin of 10,000 ppm (a direct precursor to SFN).

Standardizing the enzymes to produce a high potential SFN is important. Our organic broccoli sprouts are guaranteed for high sulforaphane potential of 4,000 ppm to ensure consistent daily intake of SFN. The history and ongoing research on the health benefits of cruciferous vegetables and in particular, broccoli and broccoli sprouts are impressive. Take a look at our Research tab and read some of the articles on SFN in broccoli sprouts.

In 1992, Zhang et al. have isolated sulforaphane and shown that it is potent and effective anti-carcinogenic agent (Zhang et al., 1992; Leon et al., 2017). Since then, Sulforaphanes (SFN) derived from cruciferous broccoli sprouts have shown numerous bioactivities (Su et al., 2018) that offer different kinds anti-carcinogenic properties (Mokhtari et al., 2018; Suresh et al., 2018; Su et al., 2018), phase II detoxifying enzymes (Thangapandiyan et al., 2018; James et al., 2012), including phase II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airways (Riedl et al., 2009; Heber et al., 2014).

Moreover, SFN has also been researched as an effective agent for cardiovascular health (Gray, 2018; Angeloni et al., 2009), anti-inflammation (López-Chillón et al., 2018), detoxification of airborne pollutants (Egner et al., 2014), H-pylori antimicrobial with a general benefit for gut health (Yanaka, 2017, and 2018) and brain health (Sedlak et al., 2017), including support for autism (Singh et al, 2014). 

To understand how SFN works in our body, turn to researchers such as Xin Jiang et al. (2018), for a thorough review. In Chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane, Jiang et al. explain the many bioactive dietary compounds in vegetables and fruits that have been demonstrated to be effective in cancer prevention and even intervention. Cruciferous vegetables, and in particular, sulforaphanes have been shown to have chemopreventive activity - in vitro and in vivo. Several mechanisms are outlined such as: regulation of Phase I and Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis, especially via regulation of signaling pathways as NrFe-Keap 1 and NF-k. Jiang et al. (2018) includes the research on SFN’s effect on epigenetic control of key genes involved in initiation and progression of cancer, showing a promise for using SFN as cancer chemopreventive strategy. In fact, there are many different kinds of phyto-nutrients that are found to be effective agents in the prevention of cancer, including favorable mediation of epigenetic changes (Pandey et al., 2017; Jiang et al., 2018). 

Sulforaphanes are also known to have anti-inflammatory properties, significantly reducing DNA-binding activity of NF-kB, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes (Jiang et al., 2018; Kamakar et al., 2006). 

SFN in broccoli sprouts is found to be safe (Shapiro et al., 2006) and well tolerated, even when it is used for advanced pancreatic cancer treatments (Lozanovski et al, 2014). Since SFN operates through several different mechanisms in the body, including regulations of Phase I and II, anti-inflammatory process, and more, it is well worth the inclusion of this dietary food into a daily routine. 

References

Atwell, L. L., Hsu, A., Wong, C. P., Stevens, J. F., Bella, D., Yu, T. W., ... & Williams, D. E. (2015). Absorption and chemopreventive targets of sulforaphane in humans following consumption of broccoli sprouts or a myrosinase‐treated broccoli sprout extract. Molecular nutrition & food research, 59(3), 424-433.https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400674

Abbaoui, B., Riedl, K. M., Ralston, R. A., Thomas‐Ahner, J. M., Schwartz, S. J., Clinton, S. K., & Mortazavi, A. (2012). Inhibition of bladder cancer by broccoli isothiocyanates sulforaphane and erucin: characterization, metabolism, and interconversion. Molecular nutrition & food research, 56(11), 1675-1687. Abstract

Angeloni, C., Leoncini, E., Malaguti, M., Angelini, S., Hrelia, P., & Hrelia, S. (2009). Modulation of phase II enzymes by sulforaphane: implications for its cardioprotective potential. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57(12), 5615-5622.Article

Egner, P. A., Chen, J. G., Wang, J. B., Wu, Y., Sun, Y., Lu, J. H., ... & Jacobson, L. P. (2011). Bioavailability of sulforaphane from two broccoli sprout beverages: results of a short-term, cross-over clinical trial in Qidong, China. Cancer prevention research, 4(3), 384-395.Abstract

Egner, P. A., Chen, J. G., Zarth, A. T., Ng, D., Wang, J., Kensler, K. H., ... & Fahey, J. W. (2014). Rapid and sustainable detoxication of airborne pollutants by broccoli sprout beverage: results of a randomized clinical trial in China. Cancer prevention research, canprevres-0103.Abstract

Gray, S. G. (2018). The Potential of Epigenetic Compounds in Treating Diabetes. In Epigenetics in Human Disease (Second Edition) (pp. 489-547).https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812215-0.00017-0

Heber, D., Li, Z., Garcia-Lloret, M., Wong, A. M., Lee, T. Y. A., Thames, G., ... & Nel, A. (2014). Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract attenuates nasal allergic response to diesel exhaust particles. Food & function, 5(1), 35-41.Article

James, D., Devaraj, S., Bellur, P., Lakkanna, S., Vicini, J., & Boddupalli, S. (2012). Novel concepts of broccoli sulforaphanes and disease: induction of phase II antioxidant and detoxification enzymes by enhanced-glucoraphanin broccoli. Nutrition reviews, 70(11), 654-665.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00532.x

Jiang, X., Liu, Y., Ma, L., Ji, R., Qu, Y., Xin, Y., & Lv, G. (2018). Chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane. Drug design, development and therapy, 12, 2905.Article

Karmakar, S., Weinberg, M. S., Banik, N. L., Patel, S. J., & Ray, S. K. (2006). Activation of multiple molecular mechanisms for apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma T98G and U87MG cells treated with sulforaphane. Neuroscience, 141(3), 1265-1280.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.075

López-Chillón, M. T., Carazo-Díaz, C., Prieto-Merino, D., Zafrilla, P., Moreno, D. A., & Villaño, D. (2018). Effects of long-term consumption of broccoli sprouts on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects. Clinical Nutrition.Abstract

Mennicke, W. H., Görler, K., Krumbiegel, G., Lorenz, D., & Rittmann, N. (1988). Studies on the metabolism and excretion of benzyl isothiocyanate in man. Xenobiotica, 18(4), 441-447.https://doi.org/10.3109/00498258809041680

Mokhtari, R. B., Baluch, N., Homayouni, T. S., Morgatskaya, E., Kumar, S., Kazemi, P., & Yeger, H. (2018). The role of Sulforaphane in cancer chemoprevention and health benefits: a mini-review. Journal of cell communication and signaling, 12(1), 91-101.Abstract

Pandey, M. K., Gupta, S. C., Nabavizadeh, A., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2017, August). Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. In Seminars in cancer biology. Academic Press.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002

Parker, J. K. (2015). Introduction to aroma compounds in foods. In Flavour Development, Analysis and Perception in Food and Beverages (pp. 3-30).Abstract

Riedl, M. A., Saxon, A., & Diaz-Sanchez, D. (2009). Oral sulforaphane increases Phase II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway. Clinical immunology, 130(3), 244-251.Abstract

Sedlak, T. W., Nucifora, L. G., Koga, M., Shaffer, L. S., Higgs, C., Tanaka, T., ... & Sawa, A. (2017). Sulforaphane Augments Glutathione and Influences Brain Metabolites in Human Subjects: A Clinical Pilot Study. Molecular neuropsychiatry, 3(4), 214-222.  https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/487639

Singh, K., Connors, S. L., Macklin, E. A., Smith, K. D., Fahey, J. W., Talalay, P., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2014). Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), 15550-15555.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416940111

Su, X., Jiang, X., Meng, L., Dong, X., Shen, Y., & Xin, Y. (2018). Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane: The Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018.Abstract

Suresh, S., Waly, M. I., & Rahman, M. S. (2018). Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) as a Preventive Biomaterial for Cancer. In Bioactive Components, Diet and Medical Treatment in Cancer Prevention (pp. 75-87). Springer, Cham. Abstract

Thangapandiyan, S., Ramesh, M., Miltonprabu, S., Hema, T., Nandhini, V., & Bavithrajothi, G. (2018). Protective Role of Sulforaphane against Multiorgan Toxicity in Rats: An In-vivo and In-vitro Review Study. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology, 8(1), 1-8.Article

Troncoso-Rojas, R., & Tiznado-Hernández, M. E. (2014). Alternaria alternata (black rot, black spot). In Postharvest Decay (pp. 147-187).Abstract

Vanduchova, A., Anzenbacher, P., & Anzenbacherova, E. (2018). Isothiocyanate from Broccoli, Sulforaphane, and Its Properties. Journal of medicinal food.https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2018.0024

West, L. G., Meyer, K. A., Balch, B. A., Rossi, F. J., Schultz, M. R., & Haas, G. W. (2004). Glucoraphanin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin contents in seeds of 59 cultivars of broccoli, raab, kohlrabi, radish, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kale, and cabbage. Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry, 52(4), 916-926.DOI:10.1021/jf0307189

Yanaka, A. (2018). Daily intake of broccoli sprouts normalizes bowel habits in human healthy subjects. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 62(1), 75-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.17-42

Yanaka, A. (2017). Role of Sulforaphane in Protection of Gastrointestinal Tract Against H. pylori and NSAID-Induced Oxidative Stress. Current pharmaceutical design, 23(27), 4066-4075.Article

FOOD SCIENCE: THE APPLICATION AND USE OF ORGANIC BROCCOLI SPROUTS.*

Glucoraphanin & Sulforaphanes: Organic Broccoli Sprouts

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Egner, P. A., Chen, J. G., Wang, J. B., Wu, Y., Sun, Y., Lu, J. H., ... & Jacobson, L. P. (2011). Bioavailability of sulforaphane from two broccoli sprout beverages: results of a short-term, cross-over clinical trial in Qidong, China. Cancer prevention research, 4(3), 384-395. Abstract

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Shapiro, T. A., Fahey, J. W., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Holtzclaw, W. D., Stephenson, K. K., Wade, K. L., ... & Talalay, P. (2006). Safety, tolerance, and metabolism of broccoli sprout glucosinolates and isothiocyanates: a clinical phase I study. Nutrition and cancer, 55(1), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc5501_7

Sivapalan, T., Melchini, A., Saha, S., Needs, P. W., Traka, M. H., Tapp, H., ... & Mithen, R. F. (2018). Bioavailability of Glucoraphanin and Sulforaphane from High‐Glucoraphanin Broccoli. Molecular nutrition & food research, 1700911. Article

Vanduchova, A., Anzenbacher, P., & Anzenbacherova, E. (2018). Isothiocyanate from Broccoli, Sulforaphane, and Its Properties. Journal of medicinal food. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2018.0024

Vermeulen, M., Klöpping-Ketelaars, I. W., van den Berg, R., & Vaes, W. H. (2008). Bioavailability and kinetics of sulforaphane in humans after consumption of cooked versus raw broccoli. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 56(22), 10505-10509. DOI:10.1021/jf801989e

West, L. G., Meyer, K. A., Balch, B. A., Rossi, F. J., Schultz, M. R., & Haas, G. W. (2004). Glucoraphanin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin contents in seeds of 59 cultivars of broccoli, raab, kohlrabi, radish, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kale, and cabbage. Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry, 52(4), 916-926. DOI:10.1021/jf0307189

Liver Support, Phase I & II Detox, and Anti-carcinogenic Effect

Abbaoui, B., Riedl, K. M., Ralston, R. A., Thomas‐Ahner, J. M., Schwartz, S. J., Clinton, S. K., & Mortazavi, A. (2012). Inhibition of bladder cancer by broccoli isothiocyanates sulforaphane and erucin: characterization, metabolism, and interconversion. Molecular nutrition & food research, 56(11), 1675-1687. Abstract

Abdull Razis, A. F., Konsue, N., & Ioannides, C. (2018). Isothiocyanates and Xenobiotic Detoxification. Molecular nutrition & food research, 62(18), 1700916. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700916

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Abdull Razis, A. F., Bagatta, M., De Nicola, G. R., Iori, R., Plant, N., & Ioannides, C. (2012). Characterization of the temporal induction of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by glucosinolates and isothiocyanates: requirement for at least a 6 h exposure to elicit complete induction profile. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 60(22), 5556-5564. Abstract

Amjad, A. I., Parikh, R. A., Appleman, L. J., Hahm, E. R., Singh, K., & Singh, S. V. (2015). Broccoli-derived sulforaphane and chemoprevention of prostate cancer: from bench to bedside. Current pharmacology reports, 1(6), 382-390. Abstract

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Cheng, Y. M., Tsai, C. C., & Hsu, Y. C. (2016). Sulforaphane, a dietary isothiocyanate, induces G2/M arrest in cervical cancer cells through cyclinB1 downregulation and GADD45β/CDC2 association. International journal of molecular sciences, 17(9), 1530. Article

Choi, Y. H. (2018). ROS-mediated activation of AMPK plays a critical role in sulforaphane-induced apoptosis and mitotic arrest in AGS human gastric cancer cells. General physiology and biophysics, 37(2), 129-140. Abstract

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Jiang, X., Liu, Y., Ma, L., Ji, R., Qu, Y., Xin, Y., & Lv, G. (2018). Chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane. Drug design, development and therapy, 12, 2905. Article

Juengel, E., Euler, S., Maxeiner, S., Rutz, J., Justin, S., Roos, F., ... & Blaheta, R. A. (2017). Sulforaphane as an adjunctive to everolimus counteracts everolimus resistance in renal cancer cell lines. Phytomedicine, 27, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.01.016

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Schnekenburger, M., & Diederich, M. (2015). Nutritional epigenetic regulators in the field of cancer: new avenues for chemopreventive approaches. In Epigenetic Cancer Therapy (pp. 393-425). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800206-3.00018-5

Steinkellner, H., Rabot, S., Freywald, C., Nobis, E., Scharf, G., Chabicovsky, M., ... & Kassie, F. (2001). Effects of cruciferous vegetables and their constituents on drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the bioactivation of DNA-reactive dietary carcinogens. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 480, 285-297. Abstract

Su, X., Jiang, X., Meng, L., Dong, X., Shen, Y., & Xin, Y. (2018). Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane: The Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018. Abstract

Suresh, S., Waly, M. I., & Rahman, M. S. (2018). Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) as a Preventive Biomaterial for Cancer. In Bioactive Components, Diet and Medical Treatment in Cancer Prevention (pp. 75-87). Springer, Cham. Abstract

Tang, L., Zirpoli, G. R., Guru, K., Moysich, K. B., Zhang, Y., Ambrosone, C. B., & McCann, S. E. (2010). Intake of cruciferous vegetables modifies bladder cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers, 1055-9965. Article

Thangapandiyan, S., Ramesh, M., Miltonprabu, S., Hema, T., Nandhini, V., & Bavithrajothi, G. (2018). Protective Role of Sulforaphane against Multiorgan Toxicity in Rats: An In-vivo and In-vitro Review Study. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology, 8(1), 1-8. Article

Somczy, J., & Olejnik, A. (2010). [Sulforaphane—a possible agent in prevention and therapy of cancer]. Postepy Hig Med Dosw, 29(64), 590-603. [polish translation]. Abstract

Ushida, Y., Suganuma, H., & Yanaka, A. (2015). Low-dose of the sulforaphane precursor glucoraphanin as a dietary supplement induces chemoprotective enzymes in humans. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 6(17), 1603. Article

Veeranki, O. L., Bhattacharya, A., Tang, L., Marshall, J. R., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Cruciferous vegetables, isothiocyanates, and prevention of bladder cancer. Current pharmacology reports, 1(4), 272-282. Abstract

Wang, D. X., Zou, Y. J., Zhuang, X. B., Chen, S. X., Lin, Y., Li, W. L., ... & Lin, Z. Q. (2017). Sulforaphane suppresses EMT and metastasis in human lung cancer through miR-616-5p-mediated GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 38(2), 241. Article

Wiczk, A., Hofman, D., Konopa, G., & Herman-Antosiewicz, A. (2012). Sulforaphane, a cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, inhibits protein synthesis in human prostate cancer cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1823(8), 1295-1305. Article

Wiczk, A., Hofman, D., Konopa, G., & Herman-Antosiewicz, A. (2012). Sulforaphane, a cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanate, inhibits protein synthesis in human prostate cancer cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1823(8), 1295-1305. Article

Wu, Q. J., Yang, Y., Vogtmann, E., Wang, J., Han, L. H., Li, H. L., & Xiang, Y. B. (2012). Cruciferous vegetables intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Annals of oncology, 24(4), 1079-1087. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mds601

Yanaka, A. (2018). Role of NRF2 in protection of the gastrointestinal tract against oxidative stress. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 17-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.17-139

Zhang, Y., & Tang, L. (2007). Discovery and development of sulforaphane as a cancer chemopreventive phytochemical. Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 28(9), 1343-1354. Abstract

Zhang, Y., Kensler, T. W., Cho, C. G., Posner, G. H., & Talalay, P. (1994). Anticarcinogenic activities of sulforaphane and structurally related synthetic norbornyl isothiocyanates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91(8), 3147-3150. Article

Zhang, Y., Talalay, P., Cho, C. G., & Posner, G. H. (1992). A major inducer of anticarcinogenic protective enzymes from broccoli: isolation and elucidation of structure. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 89(6), 2399-2403. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.6.2399

Cardiovascular & Diabetes Support

Angeloni, C., Leoncini, E., Malaguti, M., Angelini, S., Hrelia, P., & Hrelia, S. (2009). Modulation of phase II enzymes by sulforaphane: implications for its cardioprotective potential. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57(12), 5615-5622. Article

Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Hosseinpanah, F., Hedayati, M., Hosseinpour-Niazi, S., & Azizi, F. (2011). Broccoli sprouts reduce oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. European journal of clinical nutrition, 65(8), 972. Article

Bahadoran, Z., Tohidi, M., Nazeri, P., Mehran, M., Azizi, F., & Mirmiran, P. (2012). Effect of broccoli sprouts on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 63(7), 767-771. Abstract

Bahadoran, Z., Tohidi, M., Nazeri, P., Mehran, M., Azizi, F., & Mirmiran, P. (2012). Effect of broccoli sprouts on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 63(7), 767-771. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2012.665043

Gray, S. G. (2018). The Potential of Epigenetic Compounds in Treating Diabetes. In Epigenetics in Human Disease (Second Edition) (pp. 489-547). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812215-0.00017-0

López-Chillón, M. T., Carazo-Díaz, C., Prieto-Merino, D., Zafrilla, P., Moreno, D. A., & Villaño, D. (2018). Effects of long-term consumption of broccoli sprouts on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects. Clinical Nutrition. Abstract

Mirmiran, P., Bahadoran, Z., Hosseinpanah, F., Keyzad, A., & Azizi, F. (2012). Effects of broccoli sprout with high sulforaphane concentration on inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(4), 837-841. Article

Zhang, X., Shu, X. O., Xiang, Y. B., Yang, G., Li, H., Gao, J., ... & Zheng, W. (2011). Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of total and cardiovascular disease mortality–. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 94(1), 240-246. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009340

Lung Health and Anti-Inflammatory

Egner, P. A., Chen, J. G., Zarth, A. T., Ng, D., Wang, J., Kensler, K. H., ... & Fahey, J. W. (2014). Rapid and sustainable detoxication of airborne pollutants by broccoli sprout beverage: results of a randomized clinical trial in China. Cancer prevention research, canprevres-0103. Abstract

Heber, D., Li, Z., Garcia-Lloret, M., Wong, A. M., Lee, T. Y. A., Thames, G., ... & Nel, A. (2014). Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract attenuates nasal allergic response to diesel exhaust particles. Food & function, 5(1), 35-41. Article

Jiang, Y., Wu, S. H., Shu, X. O., Xiang, Y. B., Ji, B. T., Milne, G. L., ... & Yang, G. (2014). Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely correlated with circulating levels of proinflammatory markers in women. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(5), 700-708. DOI:10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.019

Noah, T. L., Zhang, H., Zhou, H., Glista-Baker, E., Müller, L., Bauer, R. N., ... & Robinette, C. (2014). Effect of broccoli sprouts on nasal response to live attenuated influenza virus in smokers: a randomized, double-blind study. PloS one, 9(6), e98671. Article

Park, J. H., Kim, J. W., Lee, C. M., Kim, Y. D., Chung, S. W., Jung, I. D., ... & Seo, J. K. (2012). Sulforaphane inhibits the Th2 immune response in ovalbumin-induced asthma. BMB reports, 45(5), 311-316. Abstract

Riedl, M. A., Saxon, A., & Diaz-Sanchez, D. (2009). Oral sulforaphane increases Phase II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway. Clinical immunology, 130(3), 244-251. Abstract

Riso, P., Vendrame, S., Del Bo', C., Martini, D., Martinetti, A., Seregni, E., ... & Porrini, M. (2014). Effect of 10-day broccoli consumption on inflammatory status of young healthy smokers. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 65(1), 106-111. DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.830084

Riso, P., Vendrame, S., Del Bo', C., Martini, D., Martinetti, A., Seregni, E., ... & Porrini, M. (2014). Effect of 10-day broccoli consumption on inflammatory status of young healthy smokers. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 65(1), 106-111. DOI:10.3109/09637486.2013.830084

Ritz, S. A., Wan, J., & Diaz-Sanchez, D. (2007). Sulforaphane-stimulated phase II enzyme induction inhibits cytokine production by airway epithelial cells stimulated with diesel extract. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 292(1), L33-L39. Article

\Wang, A. S., Xu, Y., Zhang, Z. W., Lu, B. B., Yin, X., Yao, A. J., ... & Zhang, X. H. (2017). Sulforaphane protects MLE-12 lung epithelial cells against oxidative damage caused by ambient air particulate matter. Food & function, 8(12), 4555-4562. Abstract

Wu, X., Zhu, Y., Yan, H., Liu, B., Li, Y., Zhou, Q., & Xu, K. (2010). Isothiocyanates induce oxidative stress and suppress the metastasis potential of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Bmc Cancer, 10(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-269

Bowel Health & Antimicrobial Effect (H-pylori)

Fahey, J. W., Haristoy, X., Dolan, P. M., Kensler, T. W., Scholtus, I., Stephenson, K. K., ... & Lozniewski, A. (2002). Sulforaphane inhibits extracellular, intracellular, and antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori and prevents benzo [a] pyrene-induced stomach tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(11), 7610-7615. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.112203099

Moon, J. K., Kim, J. R., Ahn, Y. J., & Shibamoto, T. (2010). Analysis and anti-Helicobacter activity of sulforaphane and related compounds present in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) sprouts. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 58(11), 6672-6677. Abstract

Troncoso-Rojas, R., & Tiznado-Hernández, M. E. (2014). Alternaria alternata (black rot, black spot). In Postharvest Decay (pp. 147-187). Abstract

Yanaka, A. (2018). Daily intake of broccoli sprouts normalizes bowel habits in human healthy subjects. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 62(1), 75-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.17-42

Yanaka, A. (2017). Role of Sulforaphane in Protection of Gastrointestinal Tract Against H. pylori and NSAID-Induced Oxidative Stress. Current pharmaceutical design, 23(27), 4066-4075. Article

Yanaka, A. (2011). Sulforaphane enhances protection and repair of gastric mucosa against oxidative stress in vitro, and demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects on Helicobacter pyloriinfected gastric mucosae in mice and human subjects. Current pharmaceutical design, 17(16), 1532-1540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/138161211796196945

Yanaka, A., Fahey, J. W., Fukumoto, A., Nakayama, M., Inoue, S., Zhang, S., ... & Yamamoto, M. (2009). Dietary sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprouts reduce colonization and attenuate gastritis in Helicobacter pylori–infected mice and humans. Cancer Prevention Research, 2(4), 353-360. Abstract

Brain Health: Alzheimer’s and Autism Support

Kim, H. V., Kim, H. Y., Ehrlich, H. Y., Choi, S. Y., Kim, D. J., & Kim, Y. (2013). Amelioration of Alzheimer’s disease by neuroprotective effect of sulforaphane in animal model. Amyloid, 20(1), 7-12.

Sedlak, T. W., Nucifora, L. G., Koga, M., Shaffer, L. S., Higgs, C., Tanaka, T., ... & Sawa, A. (2017). Sulforaphane Augments Glutathione and Influences Brain Metabolites in Human Subjects: A Clinical Pilot Study. Molecular neuropsychiatry, 3(4), 214-222. https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/487639

Singh, K., Connors, S. L., Macklin, E. A., Smith, K. D., Fahey, J. W., Talalay, P., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2014). Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), 15550-15555. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416940111

One Capsule Contains: 700mg
Broccoli Sprout Powder (Brassica oleracea italica)
QAI Certified Organic
Glucosinolates 15,000ppm
Glucoraphanins 10,000ppm
Sulforaphane Potention 4,000ppm

Other ingredients: 
cellulose & water (capsule shell)

GLUCOSINOLATES & SULFORAPHANES (Broccoli Cruciferous Sprouts) — Glucosinolates & Sulforaphanes is designed to support the integrity of cellular DNA and enact Phase II liver detox.*

Phase II liver detox: High levels of glucosinolates (15,000ppm) and sulforaphanes (4,000ppm potential) from broccoli spouts support every cell’s elimination and protection mechanism.*

Support during cancer treatment: Take 2 capsules twice a day. Add Blueberry Extract, High ORAC, and the Original or Supernatant. Consult your health care provider.*

Support during toxic overload: Take 2 capsules twice a day. This will help to protect the body and to help support the body’s detox mechanism. Add  4 tabs of Chlorella and 2 capsules of Phyto Power.*